Author. 



^t*o^ 




Title 



L.C.... 



Imprint. 



Active Interests 




The George Washington Memorial 
1897 

Second Edition 



Thie 

George Washiirigtori Meniorial 
Conqriqittee* 

Was organized in Washington, April 8th, 1897. Its affairs are 
administered by an Executive Board aided by Executive Com- 
mittees in each State and Territory. 

Purpose. 

To promote a patriotic interest in the bequest made by the 
" Father of his Country " for the establishment of a National 
University, to be known as the University of the United States, for 
the higher learning, — an exclusively post graduate university, — that 
shall complete the American system of public education and lead 
in research and investigation. The committee proposes to 
raise in small contributions the sum of $250,000 for the erection 
of a building for educational purposes, the corner-stone of which 
shall be laid on or near the one hundredth anniversary of his 
bequest in this behalf. 

Membership. 

All persons who will actively promote this movement are invit- 
ed to enroll as members of the committee, addressing Mrs. S. P. 
Gage, recording secretary, Ithaca, N. Y. The practical co-operation 
of all educational, philanthropic, and patriotic organizations is 
especially solicited. 

Information 

May be had in detail by applying to the Secretary, 

Mrs. George B. Bigelow, 

Hotel Oxford, Boston. Mass. 

*The George Washington Memorial Committee has now become a permanent organ- 
ization, to be called the George Washington Memorial Association, 



EXECUTIVE BOARD OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE.* 

CHAIRHAN. 

Ellen A. Richardson, Copley Square, Boston. 
Vice-Chairnian=at-Large. 
Mrs. Henry R. Mallory, 128 Columbia Heights, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Recording Secretary. Treasurer. 

Mrs. Susanna Phelps Gage, Mr. Charles J. Bell, 

Ithaca. New York. Pres't Am. Security and Trust Co., 

Washington, D.C. 
Corresponding Secretaries. Auditor. 

Mrs. Clara P. Bigelow, Mrs. Charles M. Ffoulke, 

Hotel Oxford, Boston. Washington. D. C. 

Mrs. Cuthbert Pound, Press Representative. 

Ithaoa, jS Y. Gen. Geo. a. Harries, Washington, D. C- 

VICE=CHAIRnEN, 
Mrs. Phebe A. Hearst, California. Mrs. Calvin S. Brice, Ohio. 

Mis. Wm. T. Carter, Pennsylvania. Mrs. H. H. Adams, Connecticut. 

-Mrs. W. A. Roebling, New Jersey. Mrs. Clara R. Anthony, Massachusetts. 

Mrs. I. S. Boyd, Georgia. Miss Charlotte F. Dailey, Rhode Island. 

Mrs. Orange J. Salisbury, Utah. Mrs. William Reed, Maryland. 

Mrs. Clara Moody, South Dakota. Mrs. Laura Gillespie, Tennessee. 

Mrs. Hope S. Chamberlain, N. Carolina. Mrs. Harvey Ingerson, Iowa. 
Mrs. L. D. M. Sweat, Maine. Mrs. M. K. McNeil, South Carolina. 

Mrs. A. M. Fosdick, Alabama. Mrs. Mary T. Gray, Kansas. 

Mrs. Alice B. Castleman, Kentucky. Mrs. John M. Cochrane, North Dakota. 

And oiheis to be added. 
CHAIRHEN OF SPECIALTIES. 
Mi.ss Alice Carter, of Byrn Mawr, Chairman of Undergraduate Work in Univer- 
sities and Colleges. 
Miss Mabel R. Adams, Chairman of Seminaries and Private Schools. 
Anna A. Schryver, Normal and High Schools. 

ORGANIZATIONS. 
Mrs. Mary Lowe Dickinson, President Naiional Council of Women. 
Miss Frances E. Willard, President World's W. C. T. U. 
Mrs. Ellen M. Henrotin, President General Federation Women's Clubs. 
Mrs. Ellen Hardin Walworth, Chairman National University Committee of D.A.R. 
Mrs. John Quincy Adams, President General Columbian Daughters of America, 

1492-1892. 
Mrs. Flora Adams Darling, Founder-General, General Society U. S. Daughters 

of 1776-1812. 
Mrs. Edward P. Steers, President Dames of Revolution. 
Mrs. Flora M. Davey, National President Ladies of G. A. R. 
Mrs. Margaret Bottome, President King's Daughters. 

Mrs. Van Leer Kirkman, President Woman's Department Tennessee Exposition _ 
Kate Brownlee Sherwood, Chairman Committee on Patriotic Instruction of 
National Council of Women. 

*The above list is composed of the names of the original Committee, now an organization which is gov- 
erned by a Board of Trustees, composed of a President, seven Vice-Presidents, a Recording Secretary 
and four other trustees. An Advisory Council of seven has also been appointed. There are besides, 
the State Chairmen, the Chairmer of Specialties, Presidents of national organizations, the National Treas- 
urer, two Auditors and the Press Representative, 



TMP92-008144 



Coraniittee at-Large: Mrs. Andrew D. White, Ithaca, N. Y., and Germany; 
Mrs. David Starr Jordan, Stanford University, California; Mrs. James Lyons 
Richmond, Virginia; Mrs. Mary A. Livermore, Melrose, Mass.; Mrs. Susan 
Look Avery, Louisville, Ky.; Mrs. Mary S. Garrett, Philadelphia; Mrs. Kate 
Seely Tnttle, University of Virginia; Mrs. Frank A. >forthriip, New York ; Mrs. 
Annie Howes Barus, Providence, Rhode Island ; Mrs. J. Henry Comstock. 
Ithaca, New York; Mrs. Jennie C. Croly, New York; Rev. Ida C. Hultin, Illinois; 
Mrs. Frances H. Sidwell, Washington, D. C; Mrs. Harry Hutchins, Ann Arbor, 
Mich.; Mrs. Frances iM. Swain, Kloomington, Ind.; Mrs. Ann Lowell Woodbury, 
Washington, D. C; Miss J. M. Arms, Boston, Mass.; Miss Sarah D. Hamlin, San 
Francisco ; Mrs. Rosa Smith Eigenmann, Bloomington, Ind. ; Mme. Van Norman, 
New York City; Mrs. Kate Dewey Cole, Washington, D. C. ; Miss Mary Proctor, 
New York City; Mrs. Eveleen L. Mason, Brookline, Mass. ; Mrs. E. G. Rhodes, 
Mt. Pleasant, Iowa; Mrs. Laura O. Talbot, Washington, D. C. Mrs. N. A. Keller- 
man, Columbus, O. ; Mrs. Chas. L. Morris, Wisconsin; Mrs. Oliver Crane, Boston; 
Mrs. John Vance Cheney, Chicago; 3Irs. C. Van D. Chenoweth, Shrewsbury, 
Mass.; Mrs Wm. B. Kehew. Boston; Mrs. Mary L. Goodloe, Kentucky; Mrs. May 
Wright Sewall, Indiana; Mrs. J. H. Tanner, Ithaca, N. Y.; Mrs. H. W. Hardin, New 
York; Mrs.Atrhur C. Clark, Manchester, N. H.; Mrs. Alice Russell Wiles, Free- 
port, 111. ; Mrs. Jacob Gould Schurman, Ithaca, N. Y. ; Miss E. T. King, Baltimore, 
Md. ; Mrs. Christine Ladd Franklin, Baltimore, Md. ; Mrs. W. S. Peabody, Denver, 
Col.; Mrs. Wm. E. Ware, St. Louis, Mo.; Mrs. Wm. D. Beard, Nashville, Tenn.; 
Miss Margaret J. Evans, Northfleld, Minn. ; Mrs. J. Bugher Kuhns, Dunlo, Penn . ; 
Mrs. F. B. Gault, Morcow, Idaho, and many others. 



Extract From Washington's Last Will and Testament, July 9, 1799. 

" It has always been a source of serious regret with me to see the 
youth of these United States sent to foreign countries for the 
purpose of education, often before their minds were formed, or they 
had imbibed any adequate ideas of tlie happiness of their own ; con- 
tracting too frequently principles unfriendly to republican govern- 
ment, and to the true and genuine liberties of mankind ; which, 
thereafter, are rarely overcome. For these reasons it has been my 
ardent wish to see a plan devised on a liberal scale, which would 
have a tendency to spread systematic ideas through all the parts of 
this rising f^mpire, thereby to do away local attachments and State 
prejudices, so far as the nature of things would, or indeed ought to, 
admit, from our national councils. Looking anxiously forward to 
the accomplishment of so desirable an object as this is (in my esti- 
mation), my mind has not been able to contemplate any plan more 
likely to effect the measure than the establishment of a university 
in a central part of the United States, to which the youths of fortune 



and talents from all parts thereof might be sent for the completion of 
their education in all the branches of polite literature ; in arts and 
sciences, in acquiring knowledge in the principles of poHtics and 
good government, and (as a matter of infinite importance in my 
judgment) by associating with each other, and forming friendships 
ill juvenile years, be enabled to free themselves in a proper degree 
from those loci'l prejudices and habitual jealousies which have just 
been mentioned, and which, when carried to excess, are never failing 
sources of disquietude to the public mind, and pregnant of mischiev- 
ous consequences to this country : under these impressions, so fully 
dilated, * * * 

"Igive and bequeath in perpetuity the fifty shares (value, $500 
each) which I hold in the Potomac Company (under the aforesaid 
acts of the legislature of Virginia) toward the endowment of a uni- 
versity to be established in the District of Columbia under the 
auspices of the General Government, if that Government should 
incline to extend a fostering hand toward it; and until such a 
seminary is established and the funds arising on these shares shall be 
required for its support, my further desire is that the profit accruing 
therefrom shall, whenever dividends are made, be laid out in pur- 
chasing stock in the Bank of Columbia, or some other bank at the 
discretion of my executors, or by the Treasurer of the United States 
for the time being, under the direction of Congress ; and the divi- 
dends proceeding from the purchase of said stock is to be invested 
in more stock, and so on until a sum adequate to the accomplish- 
ment of this object is obtained." 



THE NATIONAL DEBT OF HONOR. 

From a paper entitled "The National Debt of Honor," by Dr. 
George Brown Goode of the Smithsonian Institution, in which he 
not only presents the main facts of Washington's efforts, but strongly 
urged the obligation of the nation, we quote : 

"The sum of ^4,401,000 (amount of Washington's bequest with 
compound interest to the present time), if appropriated for this 
purpose by Congress, and placed in the Treasury of the United 
States, there to remain paying interest at 6 per cent., would yield 
over ^264,000 each year, a sum that would provide for many pro- 
fessorships, lectureships, and scholarships, and fellowships, as well as 



for the current expenses of several seminaries or colleges. Private 
gifts would in time be added in large amounts, and Congress would 
of course erect such buildings as from time to time were found 
necessary. * * * 

"It appears from the records of history, not only that on 
this very spot sacred to liberty and independence the importance 
of such a university was urged by the framers of the American 
Constitution, but that several of the Presidents, including George 
Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James 
Monroe, John Quincy Adams, Ulysses S. Grant, and Rutherford B. 
Hayes, pressed its early establishment as a patriotic duty ; that 
President Washington even remembered it with a liberal gift in his 
dying bequest • * * * that the proposition to establish it has 
been sanctioned by other leading statesmen throughout the period of 
our national history, and finally, that such proposition has been 
thrice unanimously indorsed by that great body of American educat- 
ors, the National Educational Association." 



PLEA FOR THE GEORGE WASHINGTON MEHORIAL. 

To the Women of the United States : 

For nearly one hundred years the last will of Washington has 
stood as a monument to his sagacity in foreseeing the fact that a 
slate founded on popular intelligence would need facilities for the 
highest specialization as well as for universal education. So clearly 
did he see this that he bequeathed ^25,000 to found a National 
University for the highest education. 

His will is unfulfilled. Is it not a reproach to us as a people, 
that the wisdom of one of our greatest men has not been heeded? 

Education in politics and good government was a part of his 
thought, and the need is as great today as ever. The safety of the 
home and of individual liberty depends upon the proper education of 
statesmen. The future of the nation and of the race demt<.nds the 



service of the most carefully trained minds, that by public hygiene and 
preventive medicine, stalwart bodies may be the rule ; that the com- 
plex relations of sex and of capital and labor arising from the intro- 
duction of machinery may cease to threaten the welfare of children 
yet unborn; that a higher type of education for every individual 
child may be evolved ; and that material conditions may not stifle 
the spiritual life of the people. 

Opportunity for research, investigation, the factor of education 
which alone can produce these results, is slightly cared for in this 
country. Our students flock to Europe for it. Where in universi- 
ties it is provided, it is done by the uncertain gifts of individuals, 
and depends upon the fluctuations of interest-bearing securities. 
The nation could receive such gifts and give stability to the income, 
could confer grants and thus insure the highest opportunities to 
young people of genius. In a democracy still more than in a mon- 
archy this opportunity for genius should be given, because in a 
democracy the fruits of genius more readily become the property 
of all. 

The George Washington Memorial Committee desires to raise 
a fund of ;^25o,ooo for a building, the administrative home for a 
National University, and they vvish every man, woman, and child in 
the United States to hear of Washington's bequest, and to have the 
opportunity of giving a small sum for this memorial. February 
2 2d, 1898, has been selected as the Offering Day to the memory 
of our honored first president. 

Shall not every club, every patriotic organization, every school, 
every individual in the country by this simultaneous effort, make 
possible on December 14th, 1899, the laying of a corner stone of an 
administration building for the National University ? Let us prepare 
this fitting commemoration of the one hundredth anniversary of 
Washington's death. 

In behalf of the George Washington Memorial Committee. 

Susanna Phelps Gage, Rec. Secretary. 



FROM CALIFORNIA. 

Pacific coast women have organized, for the George 
Washington Memorial, an association to be afifiliated with the East- 
ern Committees and to work with them along harmonious and judi- 
cious Unes. Sept. 21st, a meeting was called at the residence of 
Mrs. John F. Merrill, 1732 Washington Street, San Francisco. 
Among those who spoke to the subject favoring the movement, and 
promising to help forward the noble and patriotic undertaking, were 
Mrs. David Starr Jordan, Mrs. John F. Merrill, Dr. Charlotte 
Blake Brown, Mrs. A. S. Hubbard, Miss Carolina Jackson and Mrs. 
Edna Snell Poulson. The vote to work for the cause was unan- 
imous. The Active Committee was formed ; consisting of Mrs, 
Edna Snell Poulson, chairman : Mrs. J. F. Merrill, Mrs. Irving F- 
Moulton, Mrs. A. S. Hubbard, Mrs. Henry Gibbons, Jr., and Mrs. 
Virginia Knox Maddox. 

The State is now organized with Miss Sarah D. Hamlin, 1849 
Jackson Street, San Francisco, as the permanent chairman. 



FOR FEBRUARY 22d AND ALL TIME. 

Suggestions for Furthering the Work of the George 
Washington Memorial Association. 

These few plans present themselves as immediate steps which 
may be taken by State Chairmen towards arousing interest, and 
securing the offering for February 2 2d. 

Miss Elizabeth Porter Gould, 100 Huntington Avenue, Boston, 
Mass., is prepared to give a special lecture on the George Washing- 
ton Bequest and the Aims and Methods of the Memorial Association 
at special terms, teti dollars and expenses. 



9 

Miss Gould has prepared this paper with great care, devoting 
several weeks to research in regard to the historic facts, and it 
combines in a rare degree most valuable information and inspiring 
thoughts concerning the great Ideal of the Father of His Country. 

The Rev. Ida Hultin, of MoHne, Illinois, is also prepared to 
speak on this subject, her lecture presenting the subject from its 
ethical standpoint. Price, twenty-five dollars and expenses. 

Miss A. B. Hyde, of 53 West 47th Street, New York, is also 
prepared to lecture before clubs on this subject. 

Mrs. Kate Brownlee Sherwood, of Canton, Ohio, has prepared 
a special program for the use of schools on Washington's Birthday. 

The American Flag Co., Easton, Pa., will furnish these school 
programs free of cost, on application. 

The schools of the country should be reached, and a request 
made that a program be arranged for the last day of the school session 
before the 2 2d of Feliruary, informing the pupils of the movement, 
and the desire that they should have a part in it. It should be 
distinctly stated that the engraved certificates will be given to every 
school, or group of cliildren, or adults, who contribute ^5.00 or more. 

Will each State Chairman and each Chairman of City Councils 
on February 2 2d, 1898, see that some central station is opened, 
with or without program or attraction, where voluntary contributions 
of small or large amounts may be made. 

Each District Chairman may appoint such a station, to the end 
that there shall be a centre in every city, town, and county. 

Envelopes have been prepared for use, upon which the name 
of State Treasurer, with address, may be placed, together with the 
name of the donor and the amount of contribution. These may be 
ordered from the Chairman of this Committee, Mrs. H. R. Mallory, 
at the rate of ^2.25 per thousand. 

Mrs. Calvin S. Brice has kindly consented that her admirable 
papers, compiled for the use of her own State (Ohio), may be used 
as models by other State Chairmen. They may be ordered froni 
Mrs. G. S. Vicary, Lima, Ohio. 



10 

Our booklet, "Active Interests," may be ordered from Miss A. F. 
Grant, 21 School Street, Boston, Mass., at the rate of $1 per hundred. 

Any social function, such as a ball, tea, or reception, might be 
arranged, and would be especially suggestive if held in a historic 
house or hall. 

Some very desirable plaques, with historic decoration in blue 
and white under the glaze, also a loving cup, decorated in the same 
manner, by Charles Volkmar, R. A., may be handled by State Chair- 
men at a profit of one dollar or more on each placque. Further 
details may be had by applying to Chairman of this Committee. 

To bring success, we must have earnest work by every member, 
and as many focussing points as there are loyal women ready to do 
their share at this critical juncture. 

A leaflet, containing "A Few Words of Explanation," brief and 
to the point, which could be slipped into any letter, may be ordered 
from Miss A. F. Grant, 21 School Street, Boston, Mass., 100 copies 
75 cents, 200 copies $1. 

Much must be done to spread information, secure hearings 
before clubs, schools and organizations, before February 2 2d. 

For other information, please apply to 

Mrs. Henry R. Mallory, 
128 Columbia Heights, Chairman of Committee on Plans. 

Brooklyn, N. Y. 



It may be stated that February 2 2d only inaugurates our work 
with the public and the people. Whatever its results financially, it is 
but the beginning of an opportunity and new opportunities which 
will be made from time to time by the George Washington Memorial 
Association, which heartily believes in the justice, the needs, and 
the eventual fulfillment of George Washington's great ideal. 



The same arguments were used against the movement of the 
Government for the Smithsonian Institution, as — the comparatively 
few — objectors of to-day are advancing against the George Wash- 
ington Memorial Association. 



11 

FROM CORRESPONDENCE. 

" In working for this great purpose the women of America 
have promise of greater reward than has ever before been offered 
them." I here quote with pleasure the apt words of the brilliant 
young author of Peter Sterling, who remarks, "Say what you please, 
the strongest and most subtle 'pull' this world as yet contains is 
the undercurrent of woman's influence." And what will not that 
influence accomplish when it takes the form of an American mother's 
entreaty of the more perfect education of her children? 

It is therefore with profound belief in the inestimable value of 
this new and culminating glory for our growing country that the 
organization of women formed in its service appeals to every 
American woman to look into its history in the past and assist in 
assuring its magnificent future. Embracing in its genial scope 
every division of intellectual moral and physical research, broader 
and fuller than is possible or desirable under local or special limit- 
ations, it will hold in solution a thousand individual differences of 
opinion. Sectional prejudices will melt into patriotic zeal, and in- 
telligent political action take the place of blind obedience to party 
lines. 

Each student may well have acquired disciplined habits of 
thought consonant with his inward ideas, but which will not interfere 
with cordial co-operation with all earnest workers for human progress. 

This is only a hasty and imperfect sketch, but it will serve as 
a suggestion to the women of my State of the limitless possibilities 
it enfolds for those who are now the little children at their knees. 
As the scheme develops there will be many ways in which women 
ca work for it. They have already secured the privilege of erect- 
ing one of the University buildings, to be called the George Wash- 
ington Memorial Building, which will be a monument more eloquent 
than words, of what women can accomplish in the cause of 
human progress. Margaret J. M. Sweat, 

State Chairman for Maine. 



12 

I think the plan a good one, as good as another, and see no 
reason why it shall not be carried through. There is money enough 
in the country, and there will prove to be interest enough. Times 
are changed since Washington first broached this idea to individuals 
and to Congress, and there will be (have been) things said in 
discouragement of the movement, of which the chief is that there 
is little present prospect of a wise administration of an University 
of the United States, because it would be subject to political 
exigencies and vagueries. 

But I do not know that the argument has more than a present 
significance. If we ever get into that part of the political equinox 
where honest and intelligent principles rule our affairs, it would be 
good to have this institution all ready to take advantage of the 
prosperous conditions, and it is at least as wise to prepare for them 
now, as to assume that we shall never realize such conditions, and 
then find ourselves with no sails to our ships when the favoring 
breezes blow. Louise Tincker, 

Cor. Sec'y Massachusetts Board, George Washington Memorial. 



FROM CONNECTICUT. 

In many of the states the work of organization is gc ing forward 
enthusiastically, notably in Georgia, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, 
California, Maine, Rhode Island and Massachusetts where local 
George Washington Memorial Cornmittees are being formed. 

The Greenwich committee held a meeting the last Saturday 
of September, at the residence of Col. H, H. Adams, Belle 
Haven, and listened to an address by Mrs. Ellen A, Richardson, 
chairman of the central committee. Among those present were : 

Mrs. Van Valkenbarg, Miss Baldwin, Mrs. Russell T. Hall, 
Mrs. Nathaniel Witherell, Mrs. C. A. Moore, Mrs. W. E. Carhart, 



Mrs. E. W, McClave, Mrs. Geo. Dayton, Mrs. Livinia Thorn, Mrs. 
A. A. Combs, Mrs. Hugh O'Neill, Mrs. E. H. Johnson, Mrs. Geo. 
Palmer, Mrs. Geo. Dominick, Mrs. Henry Mallory, Mrs. Chas. 
Armstrong, Mrs. L. P. Jones, the Misses Banks, Mrs. Cordez, Mrs. 
Bartow, Mrs. W. J. Tingere, Mrs. J. H. Hunt, Mrs. and Miss Baker, 
W. J. Johnston, and many others. 

Col. Adams thus expresses his sympathy with the movement : 
"The Pilgrims, Puritans, and the early settlers of Virginia 
established with their churches the district school and the town 
meeting. Out from these has been evolved this nation, with its 
greatest of all charters, the constitution of the United States, repre- 
senting a form of government created by the voice and ballot of its 
citizens. The home then is the birthplace of the government at 
Washington. Therefore we look to American mothers to rear loyal 
sons, who may become worthy citizens and who shall represent and 
perpetuate these forces that have redeemed woman and placed her 
in the vanguard of progressive civilization. It is therefore to you 
we make the appeal. To you belongs the initial movement. Your 
hands must lay the corner-stone of the nation's bulwark. There are 
four thousand graduates from our American colleges now in Europe 
seeking advancement in the sciences not obtainable here. They are 
breathing the air of Berlin, Leipsic and Heidlberg. Together with 
highest attainments in special science, they are absorbing the 
foreign idea, customs, habits, creeds and politics. They in turn, 
fill our honored and responsible positions. They have interwoven 
with the threads of American thought the musty fibres of declining 
monarchies, the heritage of twenty centuries. None but the rich 
can go to Leipsic or Berlin. The impoverished electrical student 
emerging from the farm and factory or trolley plant must stop at the 
school of mines or of technology. 

"What we must and will have ultimately is the University of the 
United States, non-political, non-sectarian, Smithsonian, for 
example, broad in scope, reaching out to all lands for the ablest 



14 

minds an(T most scientific appliances with which to teach and illu- 
minate modern science in its highest foiin. 

"We are today shipping five hundred tons of doors, sashes, and 
blinds in one vessel to Africa. We have just taken an order for ten 
thousand tons of steel rails for Johannesburg, Africa. We have just 
contracted to send one hundred miles of wrought iron pipe to 
China, and these items are only an example of what America is 
doing now in competition with European nations because of her 
natural aptitude for inventions and mechanics and for the higher 
sciences. In these departments and indeed many others we are 
sending to the universities of Berlin and Leipsic for knowledge. 

"There are nineteen acres of ground near Lafayette Square, 
Washington, D. C, now owned by the government and held for the 
purpose of a University of the United States. 'Die patriotic 
ladies of America are to build the administration building and they 
propose to make the 22d of February the nation's offering day for 
this purpose, asking no large contributions, begging nothing. 
America's seventy million of people must build this great monument. 
There are thirteen million children in the public schools in America. 
There are seven hundred thousand ladies in the Federation of 
Women. These, together with the W. C. T. U. society and twenty 
others, by making an offering of a penny each on Washington's 
Birthday would raise a fund sufficient to build the building and 
endow it. Let us then join hands and have an American Univer- 
sity, American sciences, and American ideas for American citizens. 



An interesting report of the December meeting at Washington 
by Miss Clara R. Rogers of Boston, who attended as a delegate 
from the New England Woman's Club, is given on page 24. 



15 



Washington and the National University.* 

By Susanna Phelps Gage, Ph.B. 

Sometimes it seems fitting to turn our thoughts to the larger 
interests of the past and see what lessons we, who are not historians, 
can learn from history, and find how we may help carry out some 
useful thought. 

Let us turn backward for more than a century, to a military 
camp lying not far from the town of Boston, where are a few thous- 
and men, ununiformed, poorly provisioned, untrained but enthusias- 
tic, rebels ; the foe lying at ease, confident, trained, and with a 
powerful nation behind them. The rebel leader is the man whom 
success has since made the idol of all liberty-lovers, for around him 
have centered all the dreams of idealists, and he has, by the pro- 
cess common in history, beer raised into a kind of demigod ; the 
incarnation of all good, the realization in human form of the dreams, 
the ideals, which the people were willing to lay down their lives for. 
But he had not at that time been thus transformed ; he was not the 
idol of even the few millions of people scattered along the Atlantic 
coast, who in a somew-hat uncertain spirit had begun a war without 
fully realizing what it meant. No ; Massachusetts had begun an 
insurrection and on the eve of the battle at Bunker Hill found on 
her hands a swarm of unpaid recruits to her army, and she must 
have help in paying them, she must win the support of the South, 
and so gave the honors to Virginia in return for financial support. 
Even Virginia held other candidates willing to serve the country as 
leader ; but at last Washington was shown, as we would now say, to 
be the most available candidate ; not that Puritan New England 
could not and did not find many a fault with him. After a careful 
reading of his latest critical biography by Ford, which mercilessly 
withdraws the haze and glamor from the hero, there are still left 
qualities in which we can see why he was the greatest and best, the 
leader, in a movement of world-wide importance. He had eminent 
common sense, a just mind, and a great-hearted generosity which 
could tenderly love a child, encourage a youth to noble living, cherish 

*Read at the Unitarian Churcli in Itliaca, N. Y., February 21, 1897, and 
reprinted from The New Unity, June, 1897. 



16 

a friend through all differences of opinion, treat with courtesy a 
public foe, and forgive a plotting, private enemy, and sometimes 
turn the enemy to a friend. And this man, only a httle better and 
greater apparently than his fellows, was the commander-in-chief who 
was encamped in Cambridge in the autumn of 1775. 

As the story is told in an old book if "Major William Blodget 
went into the quarters of General Washington to complain of the 
ruinous state of the colleges from the conduct of tlie militia quar- 
tered therein.'' A young relative of this major, Samuel Blodget, 
said : "Well, to make amends for those injuries, I hope after our 
war we shall erect a noble national university at which the youth of 
all the world may be proud to receive instruction." General Wash- 
ington replied : "Young man, you are a prophet, inspired to speak 
what I am confident will one day be true." Thus before the Declar- 
ation of Independence, before the contest for freedom was fairly 
begun, the seed of thought was sown which twenty years later 
ripened into a deliberate plan. 

The long toilsome war went on, with its discouragements — the 
people were poor, Congress wrangling, and jealousies and cabals 
rent the army. Finally, victory and peace came. The demoraliza- 
tion of industries, the poverty and dissensions, at last brought the 
people to see the need of a closer union than a mere confederation. 
A constitutional convention was called, and with all their differences, 
the leaders had one common thought — education must be a central 
care of the new state. Washington, Jefferson. Madison, Adams, 
Pickering, Franklin, and others wished to establish a national univer- 
sity by act of the Constitution they were framing; but finally the 
clause was omitted, not because opposed, but because it seemed 
self evident that this must be a prime motive of action in the new 
government, without special enactment. 

The press, from 1775 to 1789, contained articleson the National 
University, and so the people were prepared for references to the 
subject, in President Washington's address to Congress in 1790, in 
the eloquent farewell address, and the annual message of 1796. 
Letters to Adams, and Jefferson, and Governor Brooks of Virginia, 
show how near this plan was to his heart, and that he was consider- 
ing how, as an individual, not an official only, he could fiirthor it. 
Land was chosen by him, and set aside by the Federal commission- 

tSee list of references, Blodget. 



17 

ers, in the District of Columbia, as a site for the university 
Congress approved, but did nothing. As a last act for the public 
welfare, Washuigton showed how in earnest had been his talk and 
his thought, by putting in his will, make July 9, 1799, a provision 
which carried out his promise made some time before. The fourth 
provision of his will was for a free school for orphans, in Alexandria ; 
the fifth and sixth for a national university. Read his will carefully, 
thoughtfully; it expresses the ripe purpose of a great man. Before 
education are mentioned only the payment of his few lawful debts, 
the provision for his wife, and his private solution of the slave 
question — the gift of freedom to the slaves he owned. 

For the national university he gave five hundred shares, worth 
^500 each, in the Potomac canal company. These shares he 
received for public services in having suggested the vast advantages 
which the community would derive from the extension of its inland 
navigation. He had refused these except on condition that he might 
be permitted "to appropriate the shares to public uses." Then he 
recites his desire that the youth of the country may receive educa- 
tion at home instead of abroad : in arts, sciences, politics and good 
government. 

Why should he so greatly desire the higher education of the 
country — he, a Virginia planter, in whose boyhood was so little 
schooling that spelling and grammar all his life long were his con- 
stant enemies, to be watched and guarded against, making him so 
diffident about writing a message that it is difficult to tell whether 
Hamilton or Madison are not more responsible than Washington 
himself, for the ideas as well as for the diction? Then, how could 
he have made a suggestion which should be so handsomely acknowl- 
edged by the legislature ? All his experience as civil engineer, as 
colonial soldier, as farmer and land-holder, had prepared him to see 
where the great highways of commerce must be, and how a rich 
country lying over the mountains awaited only the channels of 
communication before filling with fruitful industry. Though he did 
not have the education of schools, to-day he would stand among the 
greatly educated men who have eyes and brains to see the larger 
possibilities of national greatness. Such men as this hold no dearer 
wish than that the country may have all the men it needs thoroughly 
trained for the large seeing and careful doing of advancing civiliza- 
tion. The wish was, in Washington, due not only to a theory of 
general education, but it was a practical factor in his life, for with 



every ward of his, and with the sons of mari}^ old friends, as the 
young Lafayette, he made every effort to procure thorough educa- 
tion, l)Oth by advice and by money gifts. 

The first question asked by those for tlie first time hearing of his 
will is, With this generous gift as a foundation, with a site still 
waiting, who do we not have a national university? We can say that 
party feeling ran high, that congressmen, then, as now, were looking 
for re-election, that local interests crowded out the general, and the 
less loud-voiced needs were neglected. In the interval of neglect, 
the bequest became worthless, since the canal company failed. 

From then until now the measure for a national university has 
had the support of many thoughtful people. Jefferson, Madison, John 
Quincy Adams, Grant, Hayes, and Secretary Lamar under Cleveland, 
brought it before the people in repeated messages to Congress, but 
each successive attempt to get Congressional support has quietly 
ended in failure. 

During the more than fifty years in which slavery, war, and re- 
construction held the thought of Congress, the states have, many of 
them, evolved, and are constantly improving, a magnificent system of 
instruction from low to high, supported with ever-growing generosity 
by state and individuals. Many of the universities of our country 
are greater than Washington or the early leaders could have planned, 
and have left the old-time narrow college curriculum behind. 
Science and handicraft have no longer to do battle to be recognized 
as culture studies. This victory won in the strongholds of learning, 
the universities, the fruits of victory will be reaped in the common 
schools, fitting men and women for wider usefulness and giving them 
truer ideals of life. 

With this system growing so gloriously, can any one feel the 
need of a greater, a national university? There are many men who 
feel this need, as shown by the National Committee of over three 
hundred men who are working to bring it about. Its chairman. 
Governor Hoyt, gives of his very life to it, his labor and his thought ; 
and associated with him are leaders in statesmanship — men like 
Chief Justice Fuller and Senator Edmunds ; leaders in higher 
education, as Andrew D. White, and the presidents of most of the 
great universities, and the leaders in public instruction in various 
states j while educational and scientific associations heartily recom 
mend its establishment Thrice has the matter come befor- 
Congress within a few years ; again nothing has resulted. 



19 

And now it comes to be understood that the people of this great 
and wealthy and powerful country must see the need of a crown to 
the whole iabric of its education before it can be realized, for until 
they do see the need sufficiently to ask for it, Congress is not liable 
s,eriously to consider it. 

Why should private citizens, individuals in the mass, each strug- 
gling for life, each with more needs than his income will supply, 
trouble themselves about a national university, where only those who 
are graduates of a university or college may be admitted, and only 
the select few who have great ability in some special line may profit 
by its opportunities? 

With the growth of the country and it enlarged interests, and 
the need to make our every acre of ground productive, to preserve 
our forests, to make our manufactures ready to compete with those of 
any nation, to carry our goods to every part of the world, comes 
the demand for more highly trained experts in every field, to devise 
new methods and improve old ones. The present method of pre 
paring these experts is wasteful in the extreme. In the school of 
practical experience, with the stocks and bonds of their trusting 
fellow-men as capital, they make experiments. They dig oil-wells 
where no oil is to be found, and manufacture machines which cannot 
work. They get their experience and the people get theirs. Ufider 
wise direction vast amounts of this wild- cat experimenting might be 
avoided, and money be put into real improvements. Then for our 
civil service, with a properly equipped national university, we could 
demand men prepared for their work. Now our most responsible 
government offices, requiring special knowledge, have to be filled by 
men who learn their business under government pay. In the inter- 
ests of national economy, it seems wise that the nation should 
expend a small fraction of its income in the highest education that is 
possible to provide. 

Many of our young people go abroad for their final preparation 
for life-work. With a national university, some would continue to 
go, because a foreign language could be acquired along with the 
special training. Because they go, is it a reason why we should not 
furnish the opportunity at home? The argument on this ground in 
the negative seems very weak. We boast of our greatness, wealth, 
population, and then let army-ridden Germany and France give 
advanced education to our young people. No ; if the greatest, then 
we should be the most generous, and in return for all the years in 



20 

which our youth have gone from home to get ideas in political 
economy and finance and science and theology, we should now give 
of our great national resources, that the youth of Germany and 
Russia, as well as all America, may come and learn these things in 
an Anglo-Saxon and republican country. 

But, it may be said, we need to build from the bottom, — our 
common schools need more and better teachers and better facilities. 
Yes, they do need all this. But it is found that every time an 
advance is made at the sources of knowledge, every time that a new 
fountain of thought is opened, the high schools, then the common 
schools, get an inspiration for better work. Think what a source of 
help our colleges are in our common schools. At Albany, in the 
educational departments, and in the best high schools of the state, 
there are college graduates with great ideals working to improve the 
common school ; the inspiration they received from some college 
teacher they are giving their life to pass on, that through them all 
may be benefited. Could we give the ablest of our young people 
the best possible education and the best facilities for work, through 
them, in time, every common school in the land would be improved. 

Our universities are giving to their instructors some of this op- 
portunity for research which it would be desirable for all teachers to 
have ; for a teacher who is worthy of the name must come in direct 
contact with some of the facts which he teaches ; in other words, he 
must have time to see nature and to think what are the meanings of 
his observations. But again, think of the great disadvantage at 
which this is done. A man whose day is spent teaching in a labora- 
tory, has little energy left for research, and his summer must, much 
of it, be given to merely keeping abreast of the work of the year; 
these disadvantages are still more marked with normal and high school 
teachers. A greater university than the states or private benefactors 
can give is needed, toward which the thought of university and high 
school teacher may turn as a kind of Mecca where his inspiration 
may be renewed ; where he may meet "and exchange thought with 
the few others in the country or world who are advancing knowledge 
in the field in which he is engaged. Such a teacher extends his 
influence to every one who is ready to receive it, through books and 
lectures, and, best of all, through his students. No man who feels 
hat he has found a truth wishes to keep it to himself. The mission- 
ary spirit is not dead in those who have spent years in gaining a 
specialty. They feel that the regeneration of the world would be 



21 

helped, could the results of their study be applied in the daily life of 
the people. So that again the national university would send its 
influence to the common school and the citizen through the renewed 
enthusiasm of teachers in the higher grades. 

One thing more, somewhat less tangible, but one the less real, 
pure research to find the laws and facts of the universe, with no 
thought of turning the results into immediate use, for wealth or 
health or instruction, this will be the highest function of a national 
university. Think of the years which Priestly spent in finding 
oxygen, and the years which Lavoisier spent in finding the composi- 
tion of water, — facts at that time of comparatively little practical 
importance, and then think that now no practical art or science but 
is doing better work for the devotion of these men to an idea. 

Even if the physical comfort of the race should not be furthered 
by the investigation, there are other needs as imperative. 

There are great questions of interest to every one of us. How 
may a greater and nobler race of men and women be produced, to 
keep pace with the marvelously rapid growth of civilization, in com- 
forts and conveniences of living? How increase the brains and 
moral capacity of the coming generations? We need students to 
devote long lives to the solution of these problems which are grouped 
together under the name of heredity. 

No child but asks the nature of the unseen power which directs 
the forces of the universe. And he who would advance the knowl- 
edge of any one of the manifesting forces must have the conditions 
for his labor as perfect as possible, for as Jordan has well said, "All 
the easy things have been found out," and only the difficult ones 
remain, those which require time and thought and expensive appli- 
ances. 

The wealth of a nation could find no greater use than in increas- 
ing the knowledge of the laws of force, those immutable laws which 
give the most exact kno\vledo;e we have of the divine universal force 
and of those laws of life which to the scientist and philosopher are 
found to mean love, self-sacrifice, and demotion, and thus reveal 
throughout living nature another side of the divine character. 

For these reasons, then, — f )r the most economical preparation of 
experts in special work, private or governmental ; for the improve- 
ment of education, from the university and its teachers down to the 
tiniest country school ; and for the furtherance of study of those 
manifestations of God which we call law, and by which we come to 



22 

a better comprehension of the duties of Hfe, — for these reasons a 
National University is a purpose worthy for each one of us to give 
influence towards, and to sacrifice time and thought and money to 
make a reality. 

You and 1 may reap no reward, we may not live to see the begin- 
ning of this noble enterprise, but the highest duty of each generation 
is to leave behind it some work which shall increase the possibilities 
of those who are to follow and carry on the work of the world. To 
this end, co-operation of every force for good in the country is 
needed. Church and school and patriotic organizations may well 
unite to bring to fulfillment this dream of the patriots and scholars 
of the first century of our republic, and especially to do honor to the 
memory of one of its greatest men, Washington, whom any country 
would be proud to honor. Shall we not on December 14, 1899, one 
hundred years after the death of Washington, on the site in the city 
of Washington which he selected, lay the foundation of that univer- 
sity which he desired? 

In dangerous and troublesome times Washington and Jefferson 
and our Revolutionary patriots, by their efforts and high ideals, 
made possible the prosperous growth of our country. We, in peace, 
with only finance and tariff, not death, to face, can well say that our 
duty is to carry on their great work to completion, and give to every 
individual opportunity to attain the highest intellectual develop- 
ment, and in the search for abstract truth to gain moral power in 
order that the continuance of a republic based on universal intelli- 
gence and morality may be assured. We may well give our best 
thought to this work, which makes for patriotism and righteousness. 



Ladies visiting Washington, D. C, are recommended to try the 
Royal Blue Line. This route has earned the reputation of running 
the " finest, safest and fastest trains in the world," between New 
York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington. Pullman Palace 
Cars and Dining Cars are run on all trains. A feature of these 
trains is that they are vestibuled from end to end and lighted by the 
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Round trip tickets to Washington are on sale all the year 
at reasonable rates. Special rates account D. A. R. and Women's 
Suffrage Conventions. Send to A. J. Simmons, New England 
Agent, 211 Washing'ion Street, Boston, for time tables and a "Guide 
to Washington." 



23 

Literature on Washington and a National University. 

Jared Sparks: Life and Writings of Washington; Vol. i, p. 569; Vol. 2, p. i 

3, 14, 20, 22, 23 ; Vol. 12, p. 71, 322. 
W. C. P'ord : Writings of George Washington; Vol. 13, p- 37, 49, 342 ; Vol. 

14, p. 276. 

Washington Irving: Life of Washington, Appendix. 

P. L. Ford : The True George Washington. 

Samuel Blodget : Economia, 1806. 

Old South Leaflets, Boston, Nos. 16, 76, and prize essay of 1889 by Caroline 
C. Stecker. In No. 76 the letters and will of Washington in relation to a 
National University can be had in the cheapest form. 

John W. Hoyt; Memorial in regard to a National University. Senate Miscella- 
neous Documents, Nos. 222, 1892, p. 123. This is the most complete 
history of the idea of a national university. 

Senate Report, No. 433, May 24, i8q4. Mr. Hunton, from the committee to 
establish a University of the United States. Speeches on the above by 
Hon. Eppa Hunton of Virginia,-and Hon. Wm. F. Vilas of Wisconsin, 
Dec. 13, [894. 

Senate Report, No. 429, March 10, 1896, submitted by Mr. Kyle, from the 
Committee to establish a University of the United States. 

Senate Document, No. 29, Dec. 21, 1896. Communication from David Starr 
Jordan, President of the Leland Stanford Junior University, transmitting 
the substance of his argument before the Committee to establish a Uni- 
versity of the United States, Dec. 17, 1896. This also appears in 
The Forum, Vol. 22, p. 670; Jan., 1897. 

H. B. Adams; Washington's Plan for a National University, Johns Hopkins 
University Studies, Vol. 3, 1885, p. 93. 

Chas. Kendall Adams : Washington and the Higher Education, Ithaca, N. Y., 
1888, pp. Tp. 

A. D. White : The Forum, The Next American University, Vol. 5, 1888, p. 
371; A University at Washington, Vol. 6, 1888-89, p. 622; Need of 
Another University, Vol. 6, p. 465. 

R. H. Thurston : Technical Education in the United States, Transactions of 
the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Vol. 14. For extra copies 
address 12 West Thirty- First Street, New York City, 

C. F. Thwing: A National University, Internatio7ial Review, Vol. 13, p. 527- 

G. Brown Goode : George Washington's Plan for a National University, 
Lend a Hand, Vol. 7, p, 394. 

Charles W. Dabney, Jr. : A National Department of Science, Science. Jan. 

15. 1897. 

John W. Hoyt; Of the National University proposed by George Washington. 

77/1? Arena, March, 1897. 
Articles in Science, Jan. 5, June 4, 1897. 

Mary Proctor; A National University, School Journal, Oct. 1897. 
Articles in the Proceedinsrs of the National Educational Association, by J. W. 

Hoyt, 1870 and 1871"; A. D. White, 1874; W. T. Harris, 1874. 
Articles in Educalion, A. D. Mayo, Vol. 5, 1885, p. 331 ; W. A. Mowry, Vol. 

10, 18S9-90, p. 73; E. P. Powell, Vol. 17, 1897, p. 282. 



THE DECEMBER flEETINQ. 

From Miss Clara R. Rogers' report of her visit to the meetings 
of the George Washington Memorial Association, in Washington, as 
the delegate of New England Woman's Club we give the following ; 

I give a few personal touches of my visit to Washington where 
I attended the great rallying meetings of the George Washington 
Memorial Committee and as one of the body was shown through 
the various National departments. 

The meetings impressed me as parliamentary, executive and 
earnest. They have indeed laid a foundation upon which to build 
this truly grand movement. All through those meetings I felt per- 
rect confidence in the officers, a fine body of representative women 
from their several states, who are bearing the brunt of this patriotic 
work. I am sure that they will have great reserves to draw from 
when the time for ripening comes. Beside the Executive Board we 
have an Advisory Board composed of strong, experienced women 
who will uphold us in all of our good work, and strengthen our hands 
in every way. There is much diffusive matter in Washington 
waiting to be focussed and made available in the various fields of 
knowledge by a systematic arrangement, a classification of fine ma- 
terial to feed our youths upon. 

To give you statistics let me quote from Mrs. Brice's paper : 
"Four thousand students annually seek in the institutions of Eng- 
land, Scotland, Germany and France the results of research which 
they do not find at home. Bureaus of science liave grown up one 
by on<i under the fostering care of our Government observatories, 
laboratories, museums, libraries, until the whole range of physical 
science is represented by national institutions established and sup- 
ported by the government, for the purpose of prosecuting researches 
in astronomy, meteorology, geography of land and sea, geology, 
chemistry, statistics, mechanical inventions, etc. If these various 
commissions, bureaus, and divisions of the executive departments, 
which have for their object scientific research, could be combined as 
parts of one institution it would be of greater proportions and more 
comprehensive than any other in the world. Already the Govern- 
ment supports by an annual appropriation of $3,000,000 these de- 



25 

partments of scientific work which can be made available. The 
National Library is the largest in the world. There are the special 
libraries, the Smithsonian with 250,000 volumes, the Medical Library 
with 150,000 volumes, and a Law Library of 50,000 volumes; then 
there is the Naval Observatory, the National Museum with its twenty- 
two departments, the Corcoran Art Gallery with its splendid endow- 
ment of a million dollars and its classes of painting and drawing. 
All these as I have said are supported by the Government. 

" Men need be taught how to bear themselves in the present 
life so as to do their duty to the State, to others, to themselves." 
This sentence is the foundation of the educational system of Prussia, 
the first great result of which is the University of Berlin, just three- 
quarters of a century old, and which brings annually together five 
thousand of the most aspiring and intelligent youths of Germany. 
The object of this movement for which the patriotic women of Amer- 
ica are so zealously working is to unify and co-ordinate in one great 
memorial building the gathered resources of a Nation nourished by 
our government. These resources properly utilized will make possi- 
ble Galileos, Newtons and new discoverers in every field of knowl- 
edge, and for this end you are all invited to do your part toward the 
fulfillment of Washington's ideals for the enlightenment of future 
generations. 



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,000 Envelopes ....... 2.75 



Central Committee Stationery. 

(Always kept in stock.) 

LETTER-HEADS. ENVELOPES. 

1.000 . . . $3.00 1,000 . . . $2.75 

500 .. . 2.00 500 .. . 1.75 

250 .. . 1.00 250 .. . 1.20 

100 . . . .50 100 .. . .75 



**A Few Words of Explanation'' 

Is a leaflet that may be slipped into a letter. 

100 copies. . , $0.75 

200 " 1.25 

On the back of these leaflets a list of the officers of any State may be 
printed for a slight additional cost — samples sent if desired. 

Miss A. F. GRANT, Printer and Stationer, 

2 J School Street, Boston, Mass. 

When check accomoanies the order 1 prepay transportation charges. 



Emerson Colleg:e 



[Chartered by the State.] 



of Oratory. 



Largest School of Elocution and Oratory in America. 
FIVE HUNDRED STUDENTS. 



TiiliiiSiiml 




Has a thorough and systematic course of study, inchiding a complete 
system of Physical Training and Voice Culture, Natural Rendering, 
and the principles of the Philosophy of Oratory. Scieiltifio and prac- 
tical work in every department. Address for illustrated catalogue, 

('harles VVeslev Emerson, President, 

Cor. Treniont and Berkeley .Streets, Boston, Mass. 



